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| Gene | NRAS |
| Variant | G12C |
| Impact List | missense |
| Protein Effect | loss of function - predicted |
| Gene Variant Descriptions | NRAS G12C is a hotspot mutation that lies within a GTP-binding region of the Nras protein (UniProt.org). G12C does not result in activation of Erk1/2 or Stat5 signaling but results in transformation in culture (PMID: 35211470) and can be predicted to confer a loss of function to the Nras protein based on the effects of HRAS G12C and KRAS G12C, which result in a loss of response to GTPase-activating proteins, and transformation of cultured cells (PMID: 26037647, PMID: 6092966). |
| Associated Drug Resistance | |
| Category Variants Paths |
NRAS mutant NRAS act mut NRAS G12C NRAS mutant NRAS exon2 NRAS G12X NRAS G12C |
| Transcript | NM_002524.5 |
| gDNA | chr1:g.114716127C>A |
| cDNA | c.34G>T |
| Protein | p.G12C |
| Source Database | RefSeq |
| Genome Build | GRCh38/hg38 |
| Transcript | gDNA | cDNA | Protein | Source Database | Genome Build |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NM_002524 | chr1:g.114716127C>A | c.34G>T | p.G12C | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_002524.4 | chr1:g.114716127C>A | c.34G>T | p.G12C | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_002524.5 | chr1:g.114716127C>A | c.34G>T | p.G12C | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| Molecular Profile | Indication/Tumor Type | Response Type | Therapy Name | Approval Status | Evidence Type | Efficacy Evidence | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRAS G12C | rectum cancer | predicted - sensitive | Panitumumab + Sotorasib | Case Reports/Case Series | Actionable | In a clinical case study, the combination of Lumakras (sotorasib) and Vectibix (panitumumab) resulted in a partial response after 12 weeks in a patient with metastatic rectal cancer harboring NRAS G12C (PMID: 37262393). | 37262393 |
| NRAS G12C | Advanced Solid Tumor | sensitive | JDQ443 | Preclinical - Cell culture | Actionable | In a preclinical study, JDQ443 inhibited viability of cultured cells expressing NRAS G12C (PMID: 38236605). | 38236605 |
| NRAS G12C | Advanced Solid Tumor | sensitive | Sotorasib | Preclinical - Cell culture | Actionable | In a preclinical study, Lumakras (sotorasib) inhibited viability of cultured cells expressing NRAS G12C (PMID: 38236605). | 38236605 |
| NRAS G12C | colorectal cancer | predicted - sensitive | Panitumumab + Sotorasib | Case Reports/Case Series | Actionable | In clinical case study, treatment with the combination of Lumakras (sotorasib) and Vectibix (panitumumab) resulted in a decrease in the size of liver metastases and improved serum markers after 2 months of treatment in a patient with colorectal cancer harboring NRAS G12C (PMID: 38236605). | 38236605 |
| NRAS G12C | Advanced Solid Tumor | sensitive | RM-018 | Preclinical - Cell culture | Actionable | In a preclinical study, RM-018 inhibited viability of cultured cells expressing NRAS G12C (PMID: 38236605). | 38236605 |
| NRAS G12C | leukemia | predicted - sensitive | Sotorasib | Preclinical - Biochemical | Actionable | In a preclinical study, Lumakras (sotorasib) inhibited downstream signaling in leukemia cells harboring NRAS G12C in culture (PMID: 38236605). | 38236605 |
| NRAS G12C | Advanced Solid Tumor | sensitive | Glecirasib | Preclinical - Cell culture | Actionable | In a preclinical study, Glecirasib (JAB-21822) treatment inhibited viability of cells expressing NRAS G12C in culture (PMID: 40304209). | 40304209 |