Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(30017832)

Authors

Drilon A, Lin JJ, Filleron T, Ni A, Milia J, Bergagnini I, Hatzoglou V, Velcheti V, Offin M, Li B, Carbone DP, Besse B, Mok T, Awad MM, Wolf J, Owen D, Camidge DR, Riely GJ, Peled N, Kris MG, Mazieres J, Gainor JF, Gautschi O

Title

Frequency of Brain Metastases and Multikinase Inhibitor Outcomes in Patients With RET-Rearranged Lung Cancers.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer	13	10	2018 Oct	1595-1601	J Thorac Oncol

URL

Abstract Text

In ret proto-oncogene (RET)-rearranged lung cancers, data on the frequency of brain metastases and, in particular, the outcomes of multikinase inhibitor therapy in patients with intracranial disease are not well characterized.A global, multi-institutional registry (cohort A, n = 114) and a bi-institutional data set (cohort B, n = 71) of RET-rearranged lung cancer patients were analyzed. Patients were eligible if they had stage IV lung cancers harboring a RET rearrangement by local testing. The incidence of brain metastases and outcomes with multikinase inhibitor therapy were determined.The frequency of brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of stage IV disease was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%-32%) in all patients from both cohorts. The lifetime prevalence of brain metastasis in stage IV disease was 46% (95% CI: 34%-58%) in patients for whom longitudinal data was available. The cumulative incidence of brain metastases was significantly different (p = 0.0039) between RET-, ROS1-, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung cancers, with RET intermediate between the other two groups. Although intracranial response data was not available in cohort A, the median progression-free survival of multikinase inhibitor therapy (cabozantinib, vandetanib, or sunitinib) in patients with brain metastases was 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.3-2.9 months, n = 10). In cohort B, an intracranial response was observed in 2 of 11 patients (18%) treated with cabozantinib, vandetanib (± everolimus), ponatinib, or alectinib; the median overall progression-free survival (intracranial and extracranial) was 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.0-4.9 months).Brain metastases occur frequently in RET-rearranged lung cancers, and outcomes with multikinase inhibitor therapy in general are suboptimal. Novel RET-directed targeted therapy strategies are needed.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
RET rearrange	lung non-small cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Alectinib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a retrospective analysis, Alecensa (alectinib) treatment resulted an intracranial response in 1 of 2 patients with RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (PMID: 30017832).	30017832
RET rearrange	lung non-small cell carcinoma	no benefit	Ponatinib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a retrospective analysis, multikinase inhibitor treatment demonstrated suboptimal clinical efficacy in RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer patients with measurable baseline brain metastasis, with a confirmed intracranial response rate of 18% (2/11); Iclusig (ponatinib) treatment resulted in no intracranial response in 4 patients with evaluable brain metastasis (PMID: 30017832).	30017832