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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (25394791)
Authors Crystal AS, Shaw AT, Sequist LV, Friboulet L, Niederst MJ, Lockerman EL, Frias RL, Gainor JF, Amzallag A, Greninger P, Lee D, Kalsy A, Gomez-Caraballo M, Elamine L, Howe E, Hur W, Lifshits E, Robinson HE, Katayama R, Faber AC, Awad MM, Ramaswamy S, Mino-Kenudson M, Iafrate AJ, Benes CH, Engelman JA
Title Patient-derived models of acquired resistance can identify effective drug combinations for cancer.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Science (New York, N.Y.) 346 6216 2014 Dec 19 1480-6 Science
URL
Abstract Text Targeted cancer therapies have produced substantial clinical responses, but most tumors develop resistance to these drugs. Here, we describe a pharmacogenomic platform that facilitates rapid discovery of drug combinations that can overcome resistance. We established cell culture models derived from biopsy samples of lung cancer patients whose disease had progressed while on treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors and then subjected these cells to genetic analyses and a pharmacological screen. Multiple effective drug combinations were identified. For example, the combination of ALK and MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors was active in an ALK-positive resistant tumor that had developed a MAP2K1 activating mutation, and the combination of EGFR and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors was active in an EGFR mutant resistant cancer with a mutation in FGFR3. Combined ALK and SRC (pp60c-src) inhibition was effective in several ALK-driven patient-derived models, a result not predicted by genetic analysis alone. With further refinements, this strategy could help direct therapeutic choices for individual patients.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
ALK rearrange MAP2K1 K57N lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Ceritinib + Selumetinib Preclinical - Patient cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, NSCLC patient derived cells harboring an ALK rearrangement demonstrated resistance to Zykadia (ceritinib) due to the acquired mutation MAP2K1 K57N, however, sensitivity was restored to Zykadia (ceritinib) with the addition of Koselugo (selumetinib), resulting in decreased cell survival in culture and reduced tumor volume in xenograft models (PMID: 25394791). 25394791