Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(32727882)

Authors

Gilardi M, Wang Z, Proietto M, Chillà A, Calleja-Valera JL, Goto Y, Vanoni M, Janes MR, Mikulski Z, Gualberto A, Molinolo AA, Ferrara N, Gutkind JS, Burrows F

Title

Tipifarnib as a Precision Therapy for HRAS-Mutant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Molecular cancer therapeutics	19	9	2020 Sep	1784-1796	Mol Cancer Ther

URL

Abstract Text

Tipifarnib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (FTase). FTase catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of farnesyl groups to signaling proteins that are required for localization to cell membranes. Although all RAS isoforms are FTase substrates, only HRAS is exclusively dependent upon farnesylation, raising the possibility that HRAS-mutant tumors might be susceptible to tipifarnib-mediated inhibition of FTase. Here, we report the characterization of tipifarnib activity in a wide panel of HRAS-mutant and wild-type head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenograft models. Tipifarnib treatment displaced both mutant and wild-type HRAS from membranes but only inhibited proliferation, survival, and spheroid formation of HRAS-mutant cells. In vivo, tipifarnib treatment induced tumor stasis or regression in all six HRAS-mutant xenografts tested but displayed no activity in six HRAS wild-type patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, drug treatment resulted in the reduction of MAPK pathway signaling, inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and robust abrogation of neovascularization, apparently via effects on both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Bioinformatics and quantitative image analysis further revealed that FTase inhibition induces progressive squamous cell differentiation in tipifarnib-treated HNSCC PDXs. These preclinical findings support that HRAS represents a druggable oncogene in HNSCC through FTase inhibition by tipifarnib, thereby identifying a precision therapeutic option for HNSCCs harboring HRAS mutations.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
HRAS G13R	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Pdx	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model harboring HRAS G13R was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced Erk activity (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS G12C	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line xenograft model harboring HRAS G12C was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth and vessel formation, increased apoptotic activity, and decreased cell proliferation (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS Q61L	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line xenograft model harboring HRAS Q61L was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth and vessel formation, increased apoptotic activity, and decreased cell proliferation (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS A146T	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Pdx	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model harboring HRAS A146T was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced Erk activity (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS mutant	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Cell culture	Actionable	In a preclinical study, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines harboring an HRAS mutation were sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating reduced cell growth and decreased phosphorylation of Erk and Mek, and inhibition of spheroid viability in culture (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS K117N	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Pdx	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model harboring HRAS K117N was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced Erk activity (PMID: 32727882).	32727882
HRAS G12S	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Tipifarnib	Preclinical - Pdx	Actionable	In a preclinical study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model harboring HRAS G12S was sensitive to treatment with Zarnestra (tipifarnib), demonstrating inhibition of tumor growth, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced Erk activity (PMID: 32727882).	32727882