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Ref Type Abstract
PMID
Authors J. Hu N. Ding Y. Chen J. Liu J. Zhou X. Xu H. Bao Y. Song D. Zhang Y. Shao Y. Zhang
Title MET and NF2 alterations confer early resistance to first-line alectinib treatment in ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Annals of Oncology 33 Supplement 7 Sep 10, 2022
URL https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(22)02988-X/fulltext
Abstract Text Background The second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), alectinib, has shown impressive efficacy in naïve ALK-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, why tumors develop early resistance to the drug is incompletely understood. Methods Total 108 ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients had confirmed clinical relapse on alectinib within two years and had detectable genetic alterations from targeted sequencing of cancer-related genes. Of these, 52 received first-line alectinib treatment (1L) and 56 received alectinib after crizotinib resistance (2L). Genomic profiles of pre- and post-alectinib biopsies were compared. Results In the 1L cohort, acquired on-target alterations were found in 13 patients post-alectinib (25%), including ALK kinase domain mutations (KDMs) at G1202R (7, 13%), I1171N (3, 6%), L1196Q (2, 4%), V1180L (2, 4%), and L1196M (1, 2%) and one amplification. Eleven acquired MET alterations (21%) were found in mutual exclusivity with ALK KDMs (L1195F, Y1248H, kinase domain duplication, and 8 amplifications). NF2 (5/52, 10%) was another common off-target mutation, followed by PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF. In contrast, in 2L, significantly more tumors gained resistance from various ALK KDMs (44/56, 79%, p<0.001), including G1202R (18, 32%), L1196M (15, 27%), G1269A (6,11%), I1171T/S (5, 9%), F1174L/V/S (5, 9%) and E1129V (2, 4%), and ALK amplifications (2, 4%). However, no MET amplification or NF2 mutation, but only one concurrent ALK G1201R/MET D1228H/L1195V was found after 2L (p<0.001). In 1L, acquired MET alterations was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (median 7.2m) than ALK alterations (median 11.1m) (HR 2.0, 95CI, 0.85-4.76; p = 0.11). Also, NF2-mutant patients only had a median PFS of 4 months, significantly poorer than those without (HR 11.1, 95CI 2.17-50; p<0.001). Conclusions By analyzing different mutational profiles of ALK-rearranged patients after alectinib treatment, we proposed MET and NF2 as putative mechanisms that conferred resistance to early resistance of first-line alectinib, which shone light on future tailored treatment for ALK-positive NSCLCs.

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