Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(37074042)

Authors

Boreddy SR, Nair R, Pandey PK, Kuriakose A, Marigowda SB, Dey C, Banerjee A, Kulkarni H, Sagar M, Krishn SR, Rao S, Ar M, Tiwari V, Alke B, Mv PK, Shri M, Dhamne C, Patel S, Sharma P, Periyasamy S, Bhatnagar J, Kuriakose MA, Reddy RB, Suresh A, Sreenivas S, Govindappa N, Moole PR, Bughani U, Tan SL, Nair P

Title

BCA101 Is a Tumor-Targeted Bifunctional Fusion Antibody That Simultaneously Inhibits EGFR and TGFβ Signaling to Durably Suppress Tumor Growth.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Cancer research	83	11	2023 Jun 02	1883-1904	Cancer Res

URL

Abstract Text

The EGFR and TGFβ signaling pathways are important mediators of tumorigenesis, and cross-talk between them contributes to cancer progression and drug resistance. Therapies capable of simultaneously targeting EGFR and TGFβ could help improve patient outcomes across various cancer types. Here, we developed BCA101, an anti-EGFR IgG1 mAb linked to an extracellular domain of human TGFβRII. The TGFβ "trap" fused to the light chain in BCA101 did not sterically interfere with its ability to bind EGFR, inhibit cell proliferation, or mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Functional neutralization of TGFβ by BCA101 was demonstrated by several in vitro assays. BCA101 increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and key markers associated with T-cell and natural killer-cell activation, while suppressing VEGF secretion. In addition, BCA101 inhibited differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells to inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) more strongly than the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. BCA101 localized to tumor tissues in xenograft mouse models with comparable kinetics to cetuximab, both having better tumor tissue retention over TGFβ "trap." TGFβ in tumors was neutralized by approximately 90% in animals dosed with 10 mg/kg of BCA101 compared with 54% in animals dosed with equimolar TGFβRII-Fc. In patient-derived xenograft mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, BCA101 showed durable response after dose cessation. The combination of BCA101 and anti-PD1 antibody improved tumor inhibition in both B16-hEGFR-expressing syngeneic mouse models and in humanized HuNOG-EXL mice bearing human PC-3 xenografts. Together, these results support the clinical development of BCA101 as a monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint therapy.The bifunctional mAb fusion design of BCA101 targets it to the tumor microenvironment where it inhibits EGFR and neutralizes TGFβ to induce immune activation and to suppress tumor growth.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials
BCA101	BCA101	1	1

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description
BCA101		BCA-101\|BCA 101	EGFR Antibody 60 TGFB (Pan) Antibody 5	BCA101 is a bifunctional antibody that targets both EGFR and TGFB and leads to inhibition of downstream signaling, which may lead to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and activation of anti-tumor immune response (PMID: 37074042).

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
BRAF act mut	colorectal cancer	sensitive	BCA101	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, treatment with BCA101 resulted in a tumor growth inhibition of 31% compared to 8% with Erbitux (cetuximab) in a BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells coimplantation xenograft model (PMID: 37074042).	37074042