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Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(31665578)

Authors

Perl AE, Martinelli G, Cortes JE, Neubauer A, Berman E, Paolini S, Montesinos P, Baer MR, Larson RA, Ustun C, Fabbiano F, Erba HP, Di Stasi A, Stuart R, Olin R, Kasner M, Ciceri F, Chou WC, Podoltsev N, Recher C, Yokoyama H, Hosono N, Yoon SS, Lee JH, Pardee T, Fathi AT, Liu C, Hasabou N, Liu X, Bahceci E, Levis MJ

Title

Gilteritinib or Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
The New England journal of medicine	381	18	2019 Oct 31	1728-1740	N Engl J Med

URL

Abstract Text

Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) infrequently have a response to salvage chemotherapy. Gilteritinib is an oral, potent, selective FLT3 inhibitor with single-agent activity in relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML.In a phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned adults with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML in a 2:1 ratio to receive either gilteritinib (at a dose of 120 mg per day) or salvage chemotherapy. The two primary end points were overall survival and the percentage of patients who had complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery. Secondary end points included event-free survival (freedom from treatment failure [i.e., relapse or lack of remission] or death) and the percentage of patients who had complete remission.Of 371 eligible patients, 247 were randomly assigned to the gilteritinib group and 124 to the salvage chemotherapy group. The median overall survival in the gilteritinib group was significantly longer than that in the chemotherapy group (9.3 months vs. 5.6 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.83; P<0.001). The median event-free survival was 2.8 months in the gilteritinib group and 0.7 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio for treatment failure or death, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.09). The percentage of patients who had complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery was 34.0% in the gilteritinib group and 15.3% in the chemotherapy group (risk difference, 18.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 9.8 to 27.4); the percentages with complete remission were 21.1% and 10.5%, respectively (risk difference, 10.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.8 to 18.4). In an analysis that was adjusted for therapy duration, adverse events of grade 3 or higher and serious adverse events occurred less frequently in the gilteritinib group than in the chemotherapy group; the most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher in the gilteritinib group were febrile neutropenia (45.9%), anemia (40.7%), and thrombocytopenia (22.8%).Gilteritinib resulted in significantly longer survival and higher percentages of patients with remission than salvage chemotherapy among patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. (Funded by Astellas Pharma; ADMIRAL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02421939.).

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
FLT3 exon 15 ins	acute myeloid leukemia	sensitive	Gilteritinib	FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic	Actionable	In a Phase III trial (ADMIRAL) that supported FDA approval, Xospata (gilteritinib) improved median overall survival (9.3 vs 5.6 mo, HR. 0.64, p<0.001), median event-free survival (2.8 vs 0.7 mo, HR 0.79), and rate of complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery (34.0% vs 15.3%) compared to chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia harboring a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD; exon 14/15 insertion), D835, or I836 mutation (PMID: 31665578; NCT02421939).	detail... 31665578 detail...
FLT3 I836X	acute myeloid leukemia	sensitive	Gilteritinib	FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic	Actionable	In a Phase III trial (ADMIRAL) that supported FDA approval, Xospata (gilteritinib) improved median overall survival (9.3 vs 5.6 mo, HR. 0.64, p<0.001) compared to chemotherapy, resulted in superior median event-free survival (2.8 vs 0.7 mo, HR 0.79) and rate of complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery (34.0% vs 15.3%) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia harboring a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD), D835, or I836 mutation (PMID: 31665578; NCT02421939).	detail... 31665578 detail...
FLT3 mutant	acute myeloid leukemia	sensitive	Gilteritinib	FDA approved - Has Companion Diagnostic	Actionable	In a Phase III trial (ADMIRAL) that supported FDA approval, Xospata (gilteritinib) improved median overall survival (9.3 vs 5.6 mo, HR. 0.64, p<0.001) compared to chemotherapy, resulted in superior median event-free survival (2.8 vs 0.7 mo, HR 0.79) and rate of complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery (34.0% vs 15.3%) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia harboring a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD), D835, or I836 mutation (PMID: 31665578; NCT02421939).	detail... detail... 31665578
FLT3 D835X	acute myeloid leukemia	sensitive	Gilteritinib	FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic	Actionable	In a Phase III trial (ADMIRAL) that supported FDA approval, Xospata (gilteritinib) improved median overall survival (9.3 vs 5.6 mo, HR. 0.64, p<0.001) compared to chemotherapy, resulted in superior median event-free survival (2.8 vs 0.7 mo, HR 0.79) and rate of complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery (34.0% vs 15.3%) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia harboring a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD), D835, or I836 mutation (PMID: 31665578; NCT02421939).	detail... 31665578 detail...
FLT3 exon 14 ins	acute myeloid leukemia	sensitive	Gilteritinib	FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic	Actionable	In a Phase III trial (ADMIRAL) that supported FDA approval, Xospata (gilteritinib) improved median overall survival (9.3 vs 5.6 mo, HR. 0.64, p<0.001), median event-free survival (2.8 vs 0.7 mo, HR 0.79), and rate of complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery (34.0% vs 15.3%) compared to chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia harboring a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD; exon 14 insertion), D835, or I836 mutation (PMID: 31665578; NCT02421939).	detail... 31665578 detail...