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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (37403699)
Authors Sun W, Xu Y, Yan W, Wang C, Hu T, Luo Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen Y
Title A real-world study of adjuvant anti-PD -1 immunotherapy on stage III melanoma with BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutations.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Cancer medicine 2023 Jul 05 Cancer Med
URL
Abstract Text Melanoma frequently harbors BRAF, NRAS, or KIT mutations which influence both tumor development and treatment strategies. For example, it is still controversial whether adjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy or BRAF/MEK inhibitors may better improve the survival for resected BRAF-mutant melanoma. Furthermore, outcomes for melanoma with NRAS and KIT mutation receiving adjuvant immunotherapy remain unclear.One hundred seventy-four stage III melanoma patients who underwent radical surgery in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) during January 2017 to December 2021 were included in this real-world study. Patients were followed up until death or May 30th, 2022. Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was performed for univariable analysis of the different category groups. Log-rank analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS).There were 41 (23.6%) patients with BRAF mutation, 31 (17.8%) with NRAS mutation, 17 (9.8%) with KIT mutation, and 85 (48.9%) wild-type patients without either genomic alteration of those three genes. Most ( n  = 118, 67.8%) of them were acral melanoma, while 45 (25.9%) were cutaneous subtype, and 11 were (6.3%) primary unknown. Among them, 115 (66.1%) patients received pembrolizumab or toripalimab monotherapy as adjuvant therapy; 22 (12.6%) patients received high-dose interferon (IFN), and 37 (21.3%) patients were just for observation. There was no statistical difference in clinicopathologic factors between anti-PD-1 group and IFN/OBS group. Of all the enrolled patients, anti-PD-1 group had a better DFS than IFN/OBS group ( p  = 0.039). In anti-PD-1 group, patients with BRAF or NRAS mutations had poorer DFS than wild-type group. No survival difference was found among patients harboring different gene mutations in IFN/OBS group. In wild-type patients, anti-PD-1 group had a better DFS than IFN/OBS group ( p  = 0.003), while no survival benefits were found for patients with BRAF, NRAS, or KIT mutations.Although anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy provides a better DFS in the general population and in wild-type patients, patients with BRAF, KIT or, especially, NRAS mutation may not benefit further from immunotherapy than conventional IFN treatment or observation.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
KIT Y553D missense unknown KIT Y553D lies within the juxtamembrane domain (exon 11) of the Kit protein (PMID: 16226710). Y553D has been identified in sequencing studies (PMID: 37125020, PMID: 30923944, PMID: 37403699), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Kit protein function is unknown (PubMed, Nov 2024).
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
KIT exon11 melanoma not predictive Pembrolizumab Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Toripalimab (JS001) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
BRAF V600E melanoma decreased response Pembrolizumab Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Toripalimab (JS001) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 17 months in melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.022) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
NRAS act mut melanoma decreased response Toripalimab-tpzi Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Loqtorz (toripalimab-tpzi) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 9 months in melanoma patients harboring activating NRAS mutations in either G12 (29%) or Q61 (67.1%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p<0.0001) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
KIT exon11 melanoma not predictive Toripalimab-tpzi Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Loqtorz (toripalimab-tpzi) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
KIT exon13 melanoma not predictive Toripalimab-tpzi Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Loqtorz (toripalimab-tpzi) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
BRAF V600E melanoma decreased response Toripalimab-tpzi Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Loqtorz (toripalimab-tpzi) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 17 months in melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.022) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
KIT exon13 melanoma not predictive Pembrolizumab Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Toripalimab (JS001) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
KIT exon17 melanoma not predictive Toripalimab-tpzi Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Loqtorz (toripalimab-tpzi) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
KIT exon17 melanoma not predictive Pembrolizumab Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Toripalimab (JS001) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 33 months in melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations in either exon 11 (64.8%), exon 13 (17.6%), or exon 17 (17.6%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p=0.200) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699
NRAS act mut melanoma decreased response Pembrolizumab Clinical Study Actionable In a retrospective analysis, real-world treatment with either Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Toripalimab (JS001) resulted in a median disease-free survival of 9 months in melanoma patients harboring activating NRAS mutations in either G12 (29%) or Q61 (67.1%) compared to 32 months in patients with wild-type BRAF, NRAS, and KIT (p<0.0001) (PMID: 37403699). 37403699