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| Ref Type | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
| PMID | (38277619) | ||||||||||||
| Authors | Short NJ, Daver N, Dinardo CD, Kadia T, Nasr LF, Macaron W, Yilmaz M, Borthakur G, Montalban-Bravo G, Garcia-Manero G, Issa GC, Chien KS, Jabbour E, Nasnas C, Huang X, Qiao W, Matthews J, Stojanik CJ, Patel KP, Abramova R, Thankachan J, Konopleva M, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F | ||||||||||||
| Title | Azacitidine, Venetoclax, and Gilteritinib in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML. | ||||||||||||
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| Abstract Text | Azacitidine plus venetoclax is a standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed AML who are unfit for intensive chemotherapy. However, FLT3 mutations are a common mechanism of resistance to this regimen. The addition of gilteritinib, an oral FLT3 inhibitor, to azacitidine and venetoclax may improve outcomes in patients with FLT3-mutated AML.This phase I/II study evaluated azacitidine, venetoclax, and gilteritinib in two cohorts: patients with (1) newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML who were unfit for intensive chemotherapy or (2) relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated AML (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04140487). The primary end points were the maximum tolerated dose of gilteritinib (phase I) and the combined complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rate (phase II).Fifty-two patients were enrolled (frontline [n = 30]; relapsed/refractory [n = 22]). The recommended phase II dose was gilteritinib 80 mg once daily in combination with azacitidine and venetoclax. In the frontline cohort, the median age was 71 years and 73% of patients had an FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. The CR/CRi rate was 96% (CR, 90%; CRi, 6%). Sixty-five percent of evaluable patients achieved FLT3-ITD measurable residual disease <5 × 10-5 within four cycles. With a median follow-up of 19.3 months, the median relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) have not been reached and the 18-month RFS and OS rates are 71% and 72%, respectively. In the relapsed/refractory cohort, the CR/CRi rate was 27%; nine additional patients (41%) achieved a morphologic leukemia-free state. The most common grade 3 or higher nonhematologic adverse events were infection (62%) and febrile neutropenia (38%), which were more frequent in the relapsed/refractory cohort.The combination of azacitidine, venetoclax, and gilteritinib resulted in high rates of CR/CRi, deep FLT3 molecular responses, and encouraging survival in newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML. Myelosuppression was manageable with mitigative dosing strategies. | ||||||||||||
| Molecular Profile | Treatment Approach |
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| Gene Name | Source | Synonyms | Protein Domains | Gene Description | Gene Role |
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| Therapy Name | Drugs | Efficacy Evidence | Clinical Trials |
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| Drug Name | Trade Name | Synonyms | Drug Classes | Drug Description |
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| Gene | Variant | Impact | Protein Effect | Variant Description | Associated with drug Resistance |
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| Molecular Profile | Indication/Tumor Type | Response Type | Therapy Name | Approval Status | Evidence Type | Efficacy Evidence | References |
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| FLT3 exon 14 ins | acute myeloid leukemia | sensitive | Azacitidine + Gilteritinib + Venetoclax | Phase Ib/II | Actionable | In a Phase I/II trial, Venclexta (venetoclax), Vidaza (azacitidine), and Xospata (gilteritinib) treatment demonstrated safety in acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3-ITD or FLT3 D835 mutations and led to a combined complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) rate of 96% and a median relapse-free survival and median overall survival not reached in newly diagnosed patients (n=30), and a CR/CRi rate of 27% in relapsed/refractory patients (n=22) (PMID: 38277619; NCT04140487). | 38277619 |
| FLT3 D835X | acute myeloid leukemia | sensitive | Azacitidine + Gilteritinib + Venetoclax | Phase Ib/II | Actionable | In a Phase I/II trial, Venclexta (venetoclax), Vidaza (azacitidine), and Xospata (gilteritinib) treatment demonstrated safety in acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3-ITD or FLT3 D835 mutations and led to a combined complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) rate of 96% and a median relapse-free survival and median overall survival not reached in newly diagnosed patients (n=30), and a CR/CRi rate of 27% in relapsed/refractory patients (n=22) (PMID: 38277619; NCT04140487). | 38277619 |