Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(23431193)

Authors

Posch C, Moslehi H, Feeney L, Green GA, Ebaee A, Feichtenschlager V, Chong K, Peng L, Dimon MT, Phillips T, Daud AI, McCalmont TH, LeBoit PE, Ortiz-Urda S

Title

Combined targeting of MEK and PI3K/mTOR effector pathways is necessary to effectively inhibit NRAS mutant melanoma in vitro and in vivo.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	110	10	2013 Mar 5	4015-20	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

URL

Abstract Text

Activating mutations in the neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) gene are common genetic events in malignant melanoma being found in 15-25% of cases. NRAS is thought to activate both mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K signaling in melanoma cells. We studied the influence of different components on the MAP/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) kinase (MEK) and PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling cascade in NRAS mutant melanoma cells. In general, these cells were more sensitive to MEK inhibition compared with inhibition in the PI3K/mTOR cascade. Combined targeting of MEK and PI3K was superior to MEK and mTOR1,2 inhibition in all NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines tested, suggesting that PI3K signaling is more important for cell survival in NRAS mutant melanoma when MEK is inhibited. However, targeting of PI3K/mTOR1,2 in combination with MEK inhibitors is necessary to effectively abolish growth of NRAS mutant melanoma cells in vitro and regress xenografted NRAS mutant melanoma. Furthermore, we showed that MEK and PI3K/mTOR1,2 inhibition is synergistic. Expression analysis confirms that combined MEK and PI3K/mTOR1,2 inhibition predominantly influences genes in the rat sarcoma (RAS) pathway and growth factor receptor pathways, which signal through MEK/ERK and PI3K/mTOR, respectively. Our results suggest that combined targeting of the MEK/ERK and PI3K/mTOR pathways has antitumor activity and might serve as a therapeutic option in the treatment of NRAS mutant melanoma, for which there are currently no effective therapies.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
NRAS Q61L	melanoma	sensitive	CCT196969	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, CCT196969 inhibited MEK and ERK activation and growth of a melanoma cell line harboring NRAS Q61L in culture, and inhibited tumor growth in a NRAS Q61L-mutant melanoma cell line xenograft model (PMID: 25500121, PMID: 23431193).	25500121 23431193
NRAS Q61L	melanoma	sensitive	CCT241161	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, CCT241161 inhibited MEK and ERK activation and growth of a melanoma cell line harboring NRAS Q61L in culture, and inhibited tumor growth in a NRAS Q61L-mutant melanoma cell line xenograft model (PMID: 25500121, PMID: 23431193).	25500121 23431193
NRAS Q61L	melanoma	resistant	PLX4720	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, PLX4720 did not inhibit growth of melanoma cells harboring NRAS Q61L in culture or in cell line xenograft models (PMID: 25500121, PMID: 23431193).	25500121 23431193