Reference Detail

Ref Type

Journal Article

PMID

(26759239)

Authors

Prabhu VV, Hong B, Allen JE, Zhang S, Lulla AR, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS

Title

Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Cancer research	76	7	2016 04 01	1989-99	Cancer Res

URL

Abstract Text

Tumor suppressor p53 is frequently mutated or inactivated in colorectal cancer. In contrast, p53 family member p73 is rarely mutated in colorectal cancer and p73 activation elicits p53-like tumor suppression. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSC) comprise a rare self-renewing subpopulation that contributes to tumor maintenance and chemoresistance. p53 restoration is known to target CRCSCs, but p73 restoration in CRCSCs has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of the small-molecule prodigiosin, which restores the p53 pathway in tumor cells via p73 activation, on CRCSCs in vitro and in vivo Prodigiosin prevented colonosphere formation independent of p53 status and reduced the viability of self-renewing, 5-fluorouracil-resistant Aldefluor positive [Aldefluor(+)] CRCSCs in vitro Furthermore, prodigiosin inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors initiated with Aldefluor+ cells without toxic effects and limited the tumorigenic potential of these cells. Consistently, prodigiosin induced activation of a p53-responsive luciferase reporter in colonospheres, Aldefluor(+) cells, and tumor xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that prodigiosin increased the levels of p73 and reduced levels of the oncogenic N-terminally truncated isoform ΔNp73 in Aldefluor(+) cells. Accordingly, p73 knockdown or ΔNp73 overexpression suppressed prodigiosin-mediated inhibition of colonosphere formation. Moreover, prodigiosin increased levels of the transcription factor c-Jun, a regulator of p73 and ΔNp73, in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. c-Jun knockdown attenuated prodigiosin-mediated p53-reporter activation, ΔNp73 downregulation, p73 activation, and cell death. Collectively, our findings highlight the previously uncharacterized use of p73-activating therapeutics to target CRCSCs. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1989-99. ©2016 AACR.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
TP53 loss	colorectal cancer	sensitive	Prodigiosin	Preclinical	Actionable	In a preclinical study, Prodigiosin inhibited self-renewal of colorectal cancer cell lines harboring TP53 loss in culture (PMID: 26759239).	26759239
TP53 mutant	colorectal cancer	sensitive	Prodigiosin	Preclinical - Cell line xenograft	Actionable	In a preclinical study, Prodigiosin inhibited self-renewal of colorectal cancer cell lines harboring TP53 mutations in culture and suppressed tumor growth in cell line xenograft models (PMID: 26759239).	26759239
TP53 wild-type	colorectal cancer	sensitive	Prodigiosin	Preclinical	Actionable	In a preclinical study, Prodigiosin inhibited self-renewal of Tp53 wild-type colorectal cancer cell lines in culture (PMID: 26759239).	26759239