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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (25209843)
Authors Valent P, Berger J, Cerny-Reiterer S, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Hoermann G, Müllauer L, Mannhalter C, Steurer M, Bettelheim P, Horny HP, Arock M
Title Chronic mast cell leukemia (MCL) with KIT S476I: a rare entity defined by leukemic expansion of mature mast cells and absence of organ damage.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Annals of hematology 94 2 2015 Feb 223-31 Ann Hematol
URL
Abstract Text Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a rare, life-threatening malignancy defined by a substantial increase in neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in bone marrow (BM) smears, drug-resistance, and a poor prognosis. In most patients, the survival time is less than 1 year. However, exceptional cases may present with a less malignant course. We report on a 49-year-old female patient with MCL diagnosed in 2013. In February 2013, first symptoms, including flushing, headache, and diarrhea, were recorded. In addition, mild anemia was detected. The disease was characterized by a massive increase in well-granulated, mature, and often spindle-shaped MCs (80 %) in BM smears. The serum tryptase level amounted to 332 ng/mL. Like in most other MCL patients, no skin lesions were detected. However, unlike in other patients, tryptase levels remained stable, and no other signs or symptoms of MCL-induced organ damage were found. Sequencing studies revealed an isolated S476I point mutation in KIT but no mutation in codon 816. The patient received histamine receptor blockers but refused cytoreductive therapy. After 9 months, still no progression or organ damage was detected. However, progression with transformation to acute MCL occurred after 12 months. We propose that the chronic type of MCL with stable conditions, absence of organ damage, and a mature MC morphology is recognized as a distinct entity that should be distinguished from the acute variant of MCL.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
KIT S476I mast-cell leukemia predicted - sensitive Midostaurin Preclinical - Patient cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with Rydapt (midostaurin) decreased proliferation of patient-derived neoplastic mast cells harboring KIT S476I in culture (PMID: 25209843). 25209843
KIT S476I mast-cell leukemia predicted - sensitive Nilotinib Preclinical - Patient cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with Tasigna (nilotinib) decreased proliferation of patient-derived neoplastic mast cells harboring KIT S476I in culture (PMID: 25209843). 25209843