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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (23582185)
Authors Todd JR, Becker TM, Kefford RF, Rizos H
Title Secondary c-Kit mutations confer acquired resistance to RTK inhibitors in c-Kit mutant melanoma cells.
URL
Abstract Text Activation of the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase is rare in melanoma, but occurs in 20-40% of melanoma arising on mucosal membranes, acral skin and skin with chronic sun-induced damage. Many activating c-Kit mutations have been shown to be highly sensitive to imatinib mesylate, although the majority of patients with c-Kit mutant melanoma eventually progress on this inhibitor. We examined acquired resistance to imatinib and the newer generation inhibitor nilotinib in resistant c-kit mutant melanoma sublines. Four imatinib-resistant and six nilotinib-resistant sublines had acquired additional, secondary c-Kit mutations. The secondary A829P c-Kit mutation rendered cells resistant to imatinib, but did not suppress the activity of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors nilotinib and dasatinib. Sublines with an additional T670I c-Kit mutation showed resistance to imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib, but responded to sunitinib. The concurrent inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K pathways was also effective at promoting apoptosis in the parent and derived resistant sublines. Our data provide a rationale for treating patients with melanoma progressing on imatinib or nilotinib with alternative RTK inhibitors or inhibitors targeting the MAPK and PI3K signalling cascades.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
KIT A829P missense gain of function KIT A829P lies within the protein kinase domain of the Kit protein (UniProt.org). A829P results in constitutive phosphorylation of Kit, activation of Akt and Erk signaling, and confers acquired resistance to imatinib in culture (PMID: 23582185). Y
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
KIT A829P melanoma sensitive Dasatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Sprycel (dasatinib) demonstrated efficacy by inhibiting proliferation of cultured melanoma cells expressing KIT A829P (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT T670I melanoma resistant Nilotinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, melanoma cells expressing KIT T670I demonstrated resistance to treatment with Tasigna (nilotinib) (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT T670I melanoma sensitive Sunitinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Sutent (sunitinib) demonstrated efficacy by inhibiting proliferation of cultured melanoma cells expressing KIT T670I (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT T670I melanoma resistant Imatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, melanoma cells expressing KIT T670I demonstrated resistance to treatment with Gleevec (imatinib mesylate) (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT T670I melanoma resistant Dasatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, melanoma cells expressing KIT T670I demonstrated resistance to treatment with Sprycel (dasatinib) (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT A829P melanoma sensitive Nilotinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Tasigna (nilotinib) demonstrated efficacy by inhibiting proliferation of cultured melanoma cells expressing KIT A829P (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT A829P melanoma resistant Imatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, melanoma cells expressing KIT A829P demonstrated resistance to treatment with Gleevec (imatinib mesylate) (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040
KIT A829P melanoma resistant Sunitinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, melanoma cells expressing KIT A829P demonstrated resistance to treatment with Sutent (sunitinib) (PMID: 23582185, PMID: 25594040). 23582185 25594040