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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (34118569)
Authors Garbarino J, Eckroate J, Sundaram RK, Jensen RB, Bindra RS
Title Loss of ATRX confers DNA repair defects and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Translational oncology 14 9 2021 Jun 09 101147 Transl Oncol
URL
Abstract Text Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-Linked (ATRX) is mutated frequently in gliomas and represents a potential target for cancer therapies. ATRX is known to function as a histone chaperone that helps incorporate histone variant, H3.3, into the genome. Studies have implicated ATRX in key DNA damage response (DDR) pathways but a distinct role in DNA repair has yet to be fully elucidated. To further investigate the function of ATRX in the DDR, we created isogenic wild-type (WT) and ATRX knockout (KO) model cell lines using CRISPR-based gene targeting. These studies revealed that loss of ATRX confers sensitivity to poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which was linked to an increase in replication stress, as detected by increased activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling axis. ATRX mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 (IDH1/2), and the latter mutations also induce HR defects and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. We found that the magnitude of PARP inhibitor sensitivity was equal in the context of each mutation alone, although no further sensitization was observed in combination, suggesting an epistatic interaction. Finally, we observed enhanced synergistic tumor cell killing in ATRX KO cells with ATR and PARP inhibition, which is commonly seen in HR-defective cells. Taken together, these data reveal that ATRX may be used as a molecular marker for DDR defects and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, independent of IDH1/2 mutations. These data highlight the important role of common glioma-associated mutations in the regulation of DDR, and novel avenues for molecularly guided therapeutic intervention.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
IDH1 R132H high grade glioma predicted - sensitive Olaparib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Lynparza (olaparib) treatment inhibited viability of a glioma cell line expressing IDH1 R132H in culture (PMID: 34118569). 34118569
IDH1 R132H high grade glioma sensitive Talazoparib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Talzenna (talazoparib) treatment inhibited viability of immortalized astrocytes expressing IDH1 R132H in culture (PMID: 34118569). 34118569