Reference Detail

Ref Type

PMID

(33669326)

Authors

Bernocchi O, Sirico M, Corona SP, Strina C, Milani M, Cappelletti MR, Ferrero G, Ziglioli N, Cervoni V, Macchiavelli A, Roviello G, Generali D

Title

Tumor Type Agnostic Therapy Carrying BRAF Mutation: Case Reports and Review of Literature.

Journal	Vol	Issue	Date	Pages	Journal Short Title
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)	14	2	2021 Feb 16		Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

URL

Abstract Text

Precision medicine is based on molecular and genotypic patient characterization to define specific target treatment. BRAF mutation is an oncogenic driver, and the Cancer Genome Atlas has identified BRAF mutations in different cancer types. Tumor type agnostic therapy is based on targeting genomic alterations, regardless of tumor origin. In this context, novel therapeutic agents including BRAF and MEK inhibitors based on the molecular landscape in solid tumors have been investigated. Case presentation, Case 1: The first case is chemotherapy-refractory, BRAF V600E mutated intrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma treated with vemurafenib and cobimetinib as third line therapy. In this setting the dual BRAF and MEK inhibition resulted in improved progression-free survival and quality of life; Case 2: The second case shows aBRAF G466A mutated Bellini duct carcinoma (BDC), treated with dabrafenib and trametinib in second line therapy. The disease remained under control for 11 months after the first relapse.In the literature there is strong evidence that melanoma, colorectal cancer, non small cell lung cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer with BRAF mutations are good targets for BRAF/MEK pathway inhibitors. The VE-BASKET and ROAR basket trials explored the efficacy of vemurafenib and the combination of dabrafenib/trametinib, respectively, in BRAF V600 mutation-positive cancers other than melanoma, papillary thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and non small cell lung cancer. Within the concept of tumor type agnostic therapy, we decided to treat our BRAF-mutated tumors with the association of BRAF and MEK inhibitors.Our results confirm the emerging importance of molecular tumor profiling for the successful management of cancer, and the potential of BRAF-targeted therapy in the treatment of rare solid tumors with poor prognosis and no clinical benefit from systemic therapies with.

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Molecular Profile	Treatment Approach

Gene Name	Source	Synonyms	Protein Domains	Gene Description	Gene Role

Therapy Name	Drugs	Efficacy Evidence	Clinical Trials

Drug Name	Trade Name	Synonyms	Drug Classes	Drug Description

Gene	Variant	Impact	Protein Effect	Variant Description	Associated with drug Resistance

Molecular Profile	Indication/Tumor Type	Response Type	Therapy Name	Approval Status	Evidence Type	Efficacy Evidence	References
BRAF G466A	collecting duct carcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Dabrafenib + Trametinib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a clinical case study, Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Mekinist (trametinib) combination treatment resulted in decreased FDG avidity in the metastases in a patient with metastatic Bellini duct carcinoma harboring BRAF G466A, whose disease remained stable for 11 months (PMID: 33669326).	33669326
BRAF V600E	cholangiocarcinoma	predicted - sensitive	Cobimetinib + Vemurafenib	Case Reports/Case Series	Actionable	In a clinical case study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib) combination treatment resulted in reduction of the pulmonary nodules and hepatic lesions 6 months after treatment initiation in a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring BRAF V600E, who maintained a stable disease and remained on treatment at 20 months (PMID: 33669326).	33669326