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Ref Type
PMID (35832448)
Authors Lei X, Zhu S, Ren D, Ren F, Li T, Zhou N, Li S, Shi T, Zu L, Song Z, Chalubinska-Fendler J, Denis MG, Bernicker EH, Thomas de Montpréville V, Jiang R, Xu S
Title Metastatic pulmonary carcinoids with EML4-ALK fusion response to ALK inhibitors: two case reports and review of literature.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Translational lung cancer research 11 6 2022 Jun 1176-1184 Transl Lung Cancer Res
URL
Abstract Text Pulmonary carcinoids (PC), including typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC), are low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) which account for 1-5% of all lung tumors. Due to the low prevalence of PC and extreme rarity of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in patients with PC, the advances in targeted therapy development in PC are still limited and there is no standard treatment. Even though in patients with PC harboring ALK rearrangements there is a room for a success in targeted therapy. To our knowledge, case 1 was the first report to detect ALK gene p.I1171N mutation after taking alectinib and sensitive to ceritinib in patients with atypical carcinoid.Herein, we report the cases of 2 non-smoking patients, 51 year-old female with tumor in left lower lobe and 49 year-old female with tumor in right upper lobe, both with metastatic PC who harbored EML4-ALK fusion and were sensitive to small-molecule ALK inhibitors. The first patient initially received alectinib, then therapy was switched to ceritinib after developing drug resistance due to the missense mutation of ALK gene p.I1171N mutation in exon 22 detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and finally died of intracranial disease progression. The second patient also received alectinib, and her treatment is currently ongoing with good effect and tolerance. After conducting comprehensive review of literature, we found that 14 lung NETs with ALK rearrangements have been reported to date. The clinical outcome was partial response for 6 NETs patients and 5 patients exhibited stable disease after treatment with ALK inhibitors.According to the effectiveness of ALK inhibitors in our cases and previous articles, we recommend alectinib for the first-line treatment of metastatic PC with EML4-ALK fusion and highlight the need for molecular profiling of metastatic lung NETs patients and that ALK inhibitors are feasible in the treatment for metastatic lung NETs patients with ALK rearrangements. Finally, further studies to assess the real prevalence of ALK gene fusions and their spectrum of sensitivity to different ALK inhibitors are needed in larger cohorts.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171N pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor predicted - sensitive Ceritinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, Zykadia (ceritinib) treatment resulted in response after 1 month of treatment with tumor shrinkage in a patient with metastatic pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e20) and ALK I1171N (PMID: 35832448). 35832448
EML4 - ALK pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor predicted - sensitive Alectinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, Alecensa (alectinib) treatment resulted in significant response in the lung and brain lesions in 2 patients with metastatic pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e20 or e13:e20), with progression-free survival of 6 and 9 months (PMID: 35832448). 35832448
EML4 - ALK ALK I1171N pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor predicted - resistant Alectinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, ALK I1171N was identified in post-progression biopsy in a patient with metastatic pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e20) who previously responded to Alecensa (alectinib) treatment (PMID: 35832448). 35832448