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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (37748191)
Authors Chen N, Tyler LC, Le AT, Welsh EA, Fang B, Elliott A, Davies KD, Danhorn T, Riely GJ, Ladanyi M, Haura EB, Doebele RC
Title MIG6 Mediates Adaptive and Acquired Resistance to ALK/ROS1 Fusion Kinase Inhibition through EGFR Bypass Signaling.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Molecular cancer therapeutics 23 1 2024 Jan 03 92-105 Mol Cancer Ther
URL
Abstract Text Despite the initial benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting oncogenic ALK and ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer, complete responses are rare and resistance ultimately emerges from residual tumor cells. Although several acquired resistance mechanisms have been reported at the time of disease progression, adaptative resistance mechanisms that contribute to residual diseases before the outgrowth of tumor cells with acquired resistance are less clear. For the patients who have progressed after TKI treatments, but do not demonstrate ALK/ROS1 kinase mutations, there is a lack of biomarkers to guide effective treatments. Herein, we found that phosphorylation of MIG6, encoded by the ERRFI1 gene, was downregulated by ALK/ROS1 inhibitors as were mRNA levels, thus potentiating EGFR activity to support cell survival as an adaptive resistance mechanism. MIG6 downregulation was sustained following chronic exposure to ALK/ROS1 inhibitors to support the establishment of acquired resistance. A higher ratio of EGFR to MIG6 expression was found in ALK TKI-treated and ALK TKI-resistant tumors and correlated with the poor responsiveness to ALK/ROS1 inhibition in patient-derived cell lines. Furthermore, we identified and validated a MIG6 EGFR-binding domain truncation mutation in mediating resistance to ROS1 inhibitors but sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. A MIG6 deletion was also found in a patient after progressing to ROS1 inhibition. Collectively, this study identifies MIG6 as a novel regulator for EGFR-mediated adaptive and acquired resistance to ALK/ROS1 inhibitors and suggests EGFR to MIG6 ratios and MIG6-damaging alterations as biomarkers to predict responsiveness to ALK/ROS1 and EGFR inhibitors.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK I1171T ALK L1198F lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) inhibited viability of a patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e19) with ALK C1156Y, I1171T, and L1198F in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Afatinib + Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with the combination of Gilotrif (afatinib) and Xalkori (crizotinib) increased inhibition of downstream signaling, viability, and residual colony formation in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK compared to Xalkori (crizotinib) treatment alone in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK I1171T ALK L1198F lung non-small cell carcinoma resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e19) with ALK C1156Y, I1171T, and L1198F was resistant to Lorbrena (lorlatinib) in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK I1171T ALK L1198F lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Afatinib + Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with the combination of Gilotrif (afatinib) and Xalkori (crizotinib) further inhibited viability of a patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e19) with ALK C1156Y, I1171T, and L1198F compared to Xalkori (crizotinib) alone in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Afatinib + Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with the combination of Gilotrif (afatinib) and Alecensa (alectinib) increased inhibition of downstream signaling, viability, and residual colony formation in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK compared to Alecensa (alectinib) treatment alone in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Afatinib + Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, treatment with the combination of Gilotrif (afatinib) and Lorbrena (lorlatinib) further inhibited viability of a patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK (e6:e19) with ALK C1156Y compared to Lorbrena (lorlatinib) alone in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK D1203N lung non-small cell carcinoma resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, a patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer cell line harboring EML4-ALK (e13:e20) with ALK L1196M and D1203N was resistant to Xalkori (crizotinib) in culture (PMID: 37748191). 37748191