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Ref Type | Journal Article | ||||||||||||
PMID | (26510020) | ||||||||||||
Authors | Mateo J, Carreira S, Sandhu S, Miranda S, Mossop H, Perez-Lopez R, Nava Rodrigues D, Robinson D, Omlin A, Tunariu N, Boysen G, Porta N, Flohr P, Gillman A, Figueiredo I, Paulding C, Seed G, Jain S, Ralph C, Protheroe A, Hussain S, Jones R, Elliott T, McGovern U, Bianchini D, Goodall J, Zafeiriou Z, Williamson CT, Ferraldeschi R, Riisnaes R, Ebbs B, Fowler G, Roda D, Yuan W, Wu YM, Cao X, Brough R, Pemberton H, A'Hern R, Swain A, Kunju LP, Eeles R, Attard G, Lord CJ, Ashworth A, Rubin MA, Knudsen KE, Feng FY, Chinnaiyan AM, Hall E, de Bono JS | ||||||||||||
Title | DNA-Repair Defects and Olaparib in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. | ||||||||||||
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Abstract Text | Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, but current treatments are not based on molecular stratification. We hypothesized that metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancers with DNA-repair defects would respond to poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition with olaparib.We conducted a phase 2 trial in which patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with olaparib tablets at a dose of 400 mg twice a day. The primary end point was the response rate, defined either as an objective response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, or as a reduction of at least 50% in the prostate-specific antigen level or a confirmed reduction in the circulating tumor-cell count from 5 or more cells per 7.5 ml of blood to less than 5 cells per 7.5 ml. Targeted next-generation sequencing, exome and transcriptome analysis, and digital polymerase-chain-reaction testing were performed on samples from mandated tumor biopsies.Overall, 50 patients were enrolled; all had received prior treatment with docetaxel, 49 (98%) had received abiraterone or enzalutamide, and 29 (58%) had received cabazitaxel. Sixteen of 49 patients who could be evaluated had a response (33%; 95% confidence interval, 20 to 48), with 12 patients receiving the study treatment for more than 6 months. Next-generation sequencing identified homozygous deletions, deleterious mutations, or both in DNA-repair genes--including BRCA1/2, ATM, Fanconi's anemia genes, and CHEK2--in 16 of 49 patients who could be evaluated (33%). Of these 16 patients, 14 (88%) had a response to olaparib, including all 7 patients with BRCA2 loss (4 with biallelic somatic loss, and 3 with germline mutations) and 4 of 5 with ATM aberrations. The specificity of the biomarker suite was 94%. Anemia (in 10 of the 50 patients [20%]) and fatigue (in 6 [12%]) were the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events, findings that are consistent with previous studies of olaparib.Treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients whose prostate cancers were no longer responding to standard treatments and who had defects in DNA-repair genes led to a high response rate. (Funded by Cancer Research UK and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01682772; Cancer Research UK number, CRUK/11/029.). |
Molecular Profile | Treatment Approach |
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Gene Name | Source | Synonyms | Protein Domains | Gene Description | Gene Role |
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Therapy Name | Drugs | Efficacy Evidence | Clinical Trials |
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Drug Name | Trade Name | Synonyms | Drug Classes | Drug Description |
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Gene | Variant | Impact | Protein Effect | Variant Description | Associated with drug Resistance |
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ATM | N2875H | missense | unknown | ATM N2875H lies within the PI3K/PI4K domain of the Atm protein (UniProt.org). N2875H has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26510020), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Atm protein function is unknown (PubMed, Dec 2024). |
Molecular Profile | Indication/Tumor Type | Response Type | Therapy Name | Approval Status | Evidence Type | Efficacy Evidence | References |
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ATM N2875H | prostate cancer | predicted - sensitive | Olaparib | Case Reports/Case Series | Actionable | In a Phase II trial (TOPARP-A), Lynparza (olaparib) treatment resulted in a conversion in the circulating tumor-cell count and an 85% decrease in PSA level in a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring ATM N2875H (PMID: 26510020; NCT01682772). | 26510020 |
ATM V2288fs | prostate cancer | predicted - sensitive | Olaparib | Case Reports/Case Series | Actionable | In a Phase II trial (TOPARP-A), Lynparza (olaparib) treatment resulted in a conversion in the circulating tumor-cell count, a 29% decrease in PSA level, and radiologic stable disease in a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring ATM V2288fs (PMID: 26510020; NCT01682772). | 26510020 |