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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (26086967)
Authors Mohell N, Alfredsson J, Fransson A, Uustalu M, Bystrom S, Gullbo J, Hallberg A, Bykov VJ, Bjorklund U, Wiman KG
Title APR-246 overcomes resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells.
URL
Abstract Text Two main causes of platinum resistance are mutation in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and drug-induced increase in intracellular glutathione concentration. Mutations in TP53 occur in about 50% of human tumors. APR-246 (PRIMA-1(MET)) is the first clinical-stage compound that reactivates mutant p53 and induces apoptosis. APR-246 is a prodrug that is converted to the active compound methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), a Michael acceptor that binds to cysteine residues in mutant p53 and restores its wild-type conformation. Here, we show that MQ also binds to cysteine in glutathione, thus decreasing intracellular free glutathione concentration. We also show that treatment with APR-246 completely restores the cisplatin and doxorubicin sensitivity to p53-mutant drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. However, MQ binding to cysteines in other targets, for example, thioredoxin reductase, may contribute as well. Strong synergy was also observed with the DNA-damaging drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine, while additive effects were found with the taxane docetaxel. Our results provide a strong rationale for the ongoing clinical study with APR-246 in combination with platinum-based therapy in patients with p53-mutant recurrent high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian cancer. More than 96% of these patients carry TP53 mutations. Combined treatment with APR-246 and platinum or other DNA-damaging drugs could allow dramatically improved therapy of a wide range of therapy refractory p53 mutant tumors.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
TP53 R273H lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive APR-246 + Cisplatin Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of APR-246 and Platinol (cisplatin) worked synergistically to inhibit growth of non-small lung cancer cells harboring TP53 R273H in culture (PMID: 26086967). 26086967
TP53 Y163C lung small cell carcinoma sensitive APR-246 + Cisplatin Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of APR-246 and Platinol (cisplatin) worked synergistically to inhibit growth of small lung cancer cells harboring TP53 Y163C in culture (PMID: 26086967). 26086967
TP53 R248W lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive APR-246 + Cisplatin Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of APR-246 and Platinol (cisplatin) worked synergistically to inhibit growth of non-small lung cancer cells harboring TP53 R248W in culture (PMID: 26086967). 26086967
TP53 R248Q ovarian cancer sensitive APR-246 + Cisplatin Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of APR-246 and Platinol (cisplatin) worked synergistically to inhibit growth of a Platinol (cisplatin)-resistant ovarian cancer cell line harboring TP53 R248Q in culture and inhibited tumor growth in TP53 R248Q-carrying ovarian cancer cell line xenograft models (PMID: 26086967). 26086967