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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (26577700)
Authors Herkert B, Kauffmann A, Mollé S, Schnell C, Ferrat T, Voshol H, Juengert J, Erasimus H, Marszalek G, Kazic-Legueux M, Billy E, Ruddy D, Stump M, Guthy D, Ristov M, Calkins K, Maira SM, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Hall MN, Brachmann SM
Title Maximizing the Efficacy of MAPK-Targeted Treatment in PTENLOF/BRAFMUT Melanoma through PI3K and IGF1R Inhibition.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Cancer research 76 2 2016 Jan 15 390-402 Cancer Res
URL
Abstract Text The introduction of MAPK pathway inhibitors paved the road for significant advancements in the treatment of BRAF-mutant (BRAF(MUT)) melanoma. However, even BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy has failed to offer a curative treatment option, most likely because these pathways constitute a codependent signaling network. Concomitant PTEN loss of function (PTEN(LOF)) occurs in approximately 40% of BRAF(MUT) melanomas. In this study, we sought to identify the nodes of the PTEN/PI3K pathway that would be amenable to combined therapy with MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of PTEN(LOF)/BRAF(MUT) melanoma. Large-scale compound sensitivity profiling revealed that PTEN(LOF) melanoma cell lines were sensitive to PI3Kβ inhibitors, albeit only partially. An unbiased shRNA screen (7,500 genes and 20 shRNAs/genes) across 11 cell lines in the presence of a PI3Kβ inhibitor identified an adaptive response involving the IGF1R-PI3Kα axis. Combined inhibition of the MAPK pathway, PI3Kβ, and PI3Kα or insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) synergistically sustained pathway blockade, induced apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in PTEN(LOF)/BRAF(MUT) melanoma models. Notably, combined treatment with the IGF1R inhibitor, but not the PI3Kα inhibitor, failed to elevate glucose or insulin signaling. Taken together, our findings provide a strong rationale for testing combinations of panPI3K, PI3Kβ + IGF1R, and MAPK pathway inhibitors in PTEN(LOF)/BRAF(MUT) melanoma patients to achieve maximal response.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive GSK2636771 + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and NVP-AEW541 synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit Encorafenib + GSK2636771 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and Encorafenib (LGX818) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + AZD6482 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and Alpelisib (BYL719) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Encorafenib + unspecified IGF-1R antibody Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consists of Encorafenib (LGX818) and a figitumumab-like antibody inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Encorafenib + GSK2636771 + unspecified IGF-1R antibody Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consisting of GSK2636771, Encorafenib (LGX818), and a figitumumab-like antibody inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit Binimetinib + GSK2636771 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and Binimetinib (MEK162) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + Encorafenib + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consists of AZD6482, Encorafenib (LGX818), and NVP-AEW541 efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Encorafenib + Pictilisib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Pictilisib (GDC-0941) and Encorafenib (LGX818) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit GSK2636771 + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and NVP-AEW541 combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit AZD6482 + Encorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and Encorafenib (LGX818) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Binimetinib + Pictilisib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Pictilisib (GDC-0941) and Binimetinib (MEK162) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive TGX-221 Preclinical Actionable In a preclincal study, TGX-221 inhibited Akt activation and proliferation in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + AZD6482 + Binimetinib + Encorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consisting of AZD6482, Binimetinib (MEK162), Encorafenib (LGX818), and Alpelisib (BYL719) efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + Binimetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and Binimetinib (MEK162) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + Binimetinib + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consists of AZD6482, Binimetinib (MEK162), and NVP-AEW541 efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma no benefit Alpelisib + Binimetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Alpelisib (BYL719) and Binimetinib (MEK162) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + AZD6482 + Binimetinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consisting of AZD6482, Binimetinib (MEK162), and Alpelisib (BYL719) efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + AZD6482 + Encorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consisting of AZD6482, Encorafenib (LGX818), and Alpelisib (BYL719) efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and NVP-AEW541 synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + GSK2636771 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of GSK2636771 and Alpelisib (BYL719) synergized to inhibit proliferation of human melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture, and inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models of one cell line harboring these mutations (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit AZD6482 + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and NVP-AEW541 combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + Binimetinib + Encorafenib + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consists of AZD6482, Binimetinib (MEK162), Encorafenib (LGX818), and NVP-AEW541 efficiently induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Alpelisib + Encorafenib + GSK2636771 Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, the combination of GSK2636771, Encorafenib (LGX818), and Alpelisib (BYL719) efficiently inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models of a human melanoma cell line harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Encorafenib + GSK2636771 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and Encorafenib (LGX818) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Binimetinib + GSK2636771 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, GSK2636771 and Binimetinib (MEK162) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 Preclinical Actionable In a preclincal study, AZD6482 inhibited Akt activation and proliferation in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma decreased response Alpelisib Preclinical Actionable In a preclincal study, melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations were less sensitive to Alpelisib (BYL719)-induced growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive Pictilisib Preclinical Actionable In a preclincal study, Pictilisib (GDC-0941) inhibited Akt activation and proliferation in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive GSK2636771 + unspecified IGF-1R antibody Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, combination treatment consisting of GSK2636771 and a figitumumab-like antibody inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma no benefit Alpelisib + NVP-AEW541 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Alpelisib (BYL719) and NVP-AEW541 combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma no benefit Alpelisib + Encorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Alpelisib (BYL719) and Encorafenib (LGX818) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition in melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive NVP-AEW541 + Pictilisib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Pictilisib (GDC-0941) and NVP-AEW541 synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN wild-type melanoma no benefit AZD6482 + Binimetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and Binimetinib (MEK162) combination treatment did not enhance growth inhibition compared to single agent in PTEN wild-type melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700
BRAF mut PTEN inact mut melanoma sensitive AZD6482 + Encorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, AZD6482 and Encorafenib (LGX818) synergistically inhibited proliferation of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF mutations and PTEN inactivating mutations in culture (PMID: 26577700). 26577700