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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (22084396)
Authors Hoeflich KP, Merchant M, Orr C, Chan J, Den Otter D, Berry L, Kasman I, Koeppen H, Rice K, Yang NY, Engst S, Johnston S, Friedman LS, Belvin M
Title Intermittent administration of MEK inhibitor GDC-0973 plus PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 triggers robust apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition.
URL
Abstract Text Combinations of MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have shown promise in preclinical cancer models, leading to the initiation of clinical trials cotargeting these two key cancer signaling pathways. GDC-0973, a novel selective MEK inhibitor, and GDC-0941, a class I PI3K inhibitor, are in early stage clinical trials as both single agents and in combination. The discovery of these selective inhibitors has allowed investigation into the precise effects of combining inhibitors of two major signaling branches downstream of RAS. Here, we investigated multiple biomarkers in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K pathway to search for points of convergence that explain the increased apoptosis seen in combination. Using washout studies in vitro and alternate dosing schedules in mice, we showed that intermittent inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK pathway is sufficient for efficacy in BRAF and KRAS mutant cancer cells. The combination of GDC-0973 with the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 resulted in combination efficacy in vitro and in vivo via induction of biomarkers associated with apoptosis, including Bcl-2 family proapoptotic regulators. Therefore, these data suggest that continuous exposure of MEK and PI3K inhibitors in combination is not required for efficacy in preclinical cancer models and that sustained effects on downstream apoptosis biomarkers can be observed in response to intermittent dosing.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Cobimetinib Cobimetinib 88 12
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Cobimetinib Cotellic GDC-0973 MEK inhibitor (Pan) 26 MEK1 Inhibitor 26 MEK2 Inhibitor 24 Cotellic (cobimetinib) is an allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, resulting in inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylation and activation and decreased tumor cell proliferation (PMID: 22084396, PMID: 27956260). Cotellic (cobimetinib) is FDA approved for use in combination with Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (FDA.gov).
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF act mut melanoma sensitive Cobimetinib Preclinical - Cell line xenograft Actionable In a preclinical study, Cobimetinib (GDC-0973) induced cell death in human melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF activating mutations in culture and inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models (PMID: 22084396). 22084396