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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (26698910)
Authors Shaw AT, Friboulet L, Leshchiner I, Gainor JF, Bergqvist S, Brooun A, Burke BJ, Deng YL, Liu W, Dardaei L, Frias RL, Schultz KR, Logan J, James LP, Smeal T, Timofeevski S, Katayama R, Iafrate AJ, Le L, McTigue M, Getz G, Johnson TW, Engelman JA
Title Resensitization to Crizotinib by the Lorlatinib ALK Resistance Mutation L1198F.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
The New England journal of medicine 374 1 2016 Jan 7 54-61 N Engl J Med
URL
Abstract Text In a patient who had metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung cancer, resistance to crizotinib developed because of a mutation in the ALK kinase domain. This mutation is predicted to result in a substitution of cysteine by tyrosine at amino acid residue 1156 (C1156Y). Her tumor did not respond to a second-generation ALK inhibitor, but it did respond to lorlatinib (PF-06463922), a third-generation inhibitor. When her tumor relapsed, sequencing of the resistant tumor revealed an ALK L1198F mutation in addition to the C1156Y mutation. The L1198F substitution confers resistance to lorlatinib through steric interference with drug binding. However, L1198F paradoxically enhances binding to crizotinib, negating the effect of C1156Y and resensitizing resistant cancers to crizotinib. The patient received crizotinib again, and her cancer-related symptoms and liver failure resolved. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01970865.).

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Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F lung non-small cell carcinoma predicted - sensitive Crizotinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small lung cancer initially responded to Xalkori (crizotinib) but developed resistance with the emergence of a secondary ALK mutation C1156Y, and subsequently redeveloped sensitivity to Xalkori (crizotinib) upon the emergence of a second ALK mutation, L1198F arising from resistance to Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alecensa (alectinib) modestly inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C were re-sensitized to Xalkori (crizotinib) mediated growth inhibition with the introduction of an additional ALK mutation L1198F, in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Alunbrig (brigatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y lung non-small cell carcinoma predicted - resistant Crizotinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer developed resistance to Xalkori (crizotinib) with the emergence of ALK C1156Y, a secondary resistance mutation (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In preclinical studies, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited the growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A in culture (PMID: 27009859, PMID: 26698910). 26698910 27009859
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Zykadia (ceritinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M in culture (PMID: 26698910) 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M demonstrated decreased sensitivity to Alecensa (alectinib) compared to cells expressing EML4-ALK with wild-type ALK, in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, introduction of an additional ALK mutation L1198F in transformed cells expressing ALK L1196M in the context of EML4-ALK reduced resistance to Xalkori (crizotinib) mediated growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) modestly inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Xalkori (crizotinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Xalkori (crizotinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with L1198F in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alecensa (alectinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y lung non-small cell carcinoma no benefit Luminespib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer with an ALK C1156Y secondary Xalkori (crizotinib) resistance mutation did not respond to Luminespib (AUY922) therapy (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor predicted - sensitive Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1198F had reduced sensitivity to growth inhibition mediated by Lorbrena (lorlatinib) in comparison to wild-type EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) inhibited growth and ALK phosphorylation of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1202R lung cancer conflicting Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing ALK C1156Y and ALK L1198F in the context of EML4-ALK were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alunbrig (brigatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Lorbrena (lorlatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing ALK L1196M in the context of EML4-ALK were insensitive to Xalkori (crizotinib) as demonstrated by a lack of growth inhibition and Alk phosphorylation in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing ALK G1269A in the context of EML4-ALK were re-sensitized and became modestly sensitive to Xalkori (crizotinib) with the introduction of an additional ALK mutation L1198F, in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Lorbrena (lorlatinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y Advanced Solid Tumor predicted - sensitive Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Zykadia (ceritinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y lung non-small cell carcinoma conflicting Ceritinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a clinical case study, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer with a secondary Xalkori (crizotinib) resistance mutation C1156Y, did not respond to Zykadia (ceritinib) therapy (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F lung non-small cell carcinoma resistant Lorlatinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a Phase I trial, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small lung cancer with a secondary Xalkori (critzotinib) resistance mutation C1156Y, responded to Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) but subsequently developed resistance upon the emergence of a second ALK mutation, L1198F (PMID: 26698910; NCT01970865). 26698910
EML4 - ALK Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alecensa (alectinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing L1198F in the context of EML4-ALK in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alunbrig (brigatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Alunbrig (brigatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Xalkori (crizotinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Lorbrena (lorlatinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C demonstrated decreased sensitivity to Alecensa (alectinib) in culture compared to cells expressing EML4-ALK with wild-type ALK (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1202R and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Brigatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Alunbrig (brigatinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A and L1198F in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y lung non-small cell carcinoma sensitive Lorlatinib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a Phase I trial, a patient with EML4-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer with a secondary Xalkori (crizotinib) resistance mutation ALK C1156Y, was treated with Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) and displayed a 41% reduction in tumor growth after 5 weeks of treatment (PMID: 26698910; NCT01970865). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK C1156Y ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Xalkori (crizotinib) inhibited growth of transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK C1156Y and ALK L1198F in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK G1269A and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F ALK G1202R Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing ALK G1202R in the context of EML4-ALK were re-sensitized to Xalkori (crizotinib) mediated growth inhibition with the introduction of an additional ALK mutation L1198F, in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1196M ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Alectinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK L1196M and ALK L1198F displayed enhanced resistance to growth inhibition mediated by Alecensa (alectinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK F1174C ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Lorlatinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with ALK F1174C and ALK L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK L1198F Advanced Solid Tumor conflicting Ceritinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing EML4-ALK with L1198F were resistant to growth inhibition mediated by Zykadia (ceritinib) in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910
EML4 - ALK ALK G1269A Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Crizotinib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing ALK G1269A in the context of EML4-ALK were resistant to Xalkori (crizotinib) mediated growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26698910). 26698910