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| Gene | BRAF |
| Variant | V600K |
| Impact List | missense |
| Protein Effect | gain of function |
| Gene Variant Descriptions | BRAF V600K (previously reported as V599) lies within the activation segment of the kinase domain of the Braf protein (PMID: 15035987). V600K confers a gain of function to the Braf protein as demonstrated by increased kinase activity, downstream signaling, and the ability to transform cells in vitro (PMID: 15035987, PMID: 29533785). |
| Associated Drug Resistance | |
| Category Variants Paths |
BRAF mutant BRAF act mut BRAF V600E/K BRAF V600K BRAF mutant BRAF V600X BRAF V600E/K BRAF V600K |
| Transcript | NM_004333.6 |
| gDNA | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delGTinsAA |
| cDNA | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA |
| Protein | p.V600K |
| Source Database | RefSeq |
| Genome Build | GRCh38/hg38 |
| Transcript | gDNA | cDNA | Protein | Source Database | Genome Build |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XM_005250045 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delACinsTT | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_004333 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delACinsTT | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_001378474.1 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delGTinsAA | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_004333.6 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delGTinsAA | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_001354609.2 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delGTinsAA | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_004333.5 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delACinsTT | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| NM_001378468.1 | chr7:g.140753336_140753337delGTinsAA | c.1798_1799delGTinsAA | p.V600K | RefSeq | GRCh38/hg38 |
| Molecular Profile | Indication/Tumor Type | Response Type | Therapy Name | Approval Status | Evidence Type | Efficacy Evidence | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | Trametinib | FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic | Actionable | In a Phase III trial (METRIC) that supported FDA approval, Mekinist (trametinib) treatment, as compared to Deticine (dacarbazine) or Taxol (paclitaxel) treatment, resulted in improved progression-free survival of 4.8 months versus 1.5 months and an overall six month survival rate of 81% versus 67% in patients with BRAF V600E/K-positive metastatic melanoma (PMID: 22663011; NCT01245062). | 22663011 detail... detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Dabrafenib | Guideline | Actionable | Tafinlar (dabrafenib) therapy is included in guidelines for cutaneous melanoma patients with unresectable or metastatic disease harboring BRAF V600 activating mutations, such as BRAF V600K, in cases where BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy is contraindicated (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | lung non-small cell carcinoma | predicted - sensitive | Vemurafenib | Case Reports/Case Series | Actionable | In a Phase II trial, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treatment resulted in a objective response rate of 44.8% (43/96), median duration of response of 6.4 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.2 months, and median overall survival of 10 months in non-small cell lung cancer patients with BRAF V600 mutations, with a PFS of 2.1 and 6.8 months in the 2 patients harboring BRAF V600K (PMID: 31959346; NCT02304809). | 31959346 |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Vemurafenib | Guideline | Actionable | Zelboraf (vemurafenib) therapy is included in guidelines for cutaneous melanoma patients with unresectable or metastatic disease harboring BRAF V600 activating mutations, such as BRAF V600K, in cases where BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy is contraindicated (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | GSK2126458 | Preclinical | Actionable | In a preclinical study, Omipalisib (GSK2126458) inhibited the growth of melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF V600K in culture (PMID: 22389471). | 22389471 |
| BRAF V600K | colon cancer | sensitive | PLX8394 | Preclinical - Cell culture | Actionable | In a preclinical study, PLX8394 treatment inhibited Erk signaling and reduced proliferation of colon cancer cells harboring BRAF V600K in culture (PMID: 30559419). | 30559419 |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | Dabrafenib + Trametinib | FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic | Actionable | In a Phase III trial (COMBI-v) that supported FDA approval, the combination of Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Mekinist (trametinib) resulted in an improved overall survival rate at 12 months (72% vs 65%, HR=0.69, p=0.005), median progression-free survival (11.4 vs 7.3 months, HR=0.56, p<0.001), and objective response rate (64% vs 51%, p<0.001) compared to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (PMID: 25399551; NCT01597908). | detail... 25399551 detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Dabrafenib + Trametinib | Guideline | Actionable | Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Mekinist (trametinib) combination therapy is included in guidelines for melanoma patients harboring a BRAF V600 mutation, such as BRAF V600K, as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for stage III disease and as systemic therapy for patients with unresectable or metastatic disease (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | Binimetinib + Encorafenib | FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic | Actionable | In a Phase III (COLUMBUS) trial that supported FDA approval, Braftovi (encorafenib) in combination with Mektovi (binimetinib) demonstrated improved tolerability profile and efficacy, resulted in a progression-free survival of 14.9 months in patients with advanced melanoma harboring BRAF V600E/K mutations, comparing to 7.3 months in the Zelboraf (vemurafenib) group (HR=0.54, p<0.0001) (PMID: 29573941; NCT01909453) and both BRAF V600E and BRAF V600K are on the companion diagnostic. | 29573941 detail... detail... detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | Binimetinib + Encorafenib | FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic | Actionable | In a Phase III (COLUMBUS) trial that supported FDA approval, Braftovi (encorafenib) in combination with Mektovi (binimetinib) resulted in a median overall survival (OS) of 33.6 months, a 1-year OS rate of 77.5%, and a 2-year OS rate of 57.7% in patients with advanced melanoma harboring BRAF V600E/K mutations compared to a median OS of 16.9 months and 1- and 2-year OS rates of 63.1% and 43.2%, respectively, in the Zelboraf (vemurafenib) treated group (PMID: 30219628; NCT01909453). | detail... 30219628 detail... detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Binimetinib + Encorafenib | Guideline | Actionable | Braftovi (encorafenib) in combination with Mektovi (binimetinib) is included in guidelines as first-line and second-line therapy for patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma harboring BRAF V600E or V600K mutations (PMID: 30959471; NCCN.org). | 30959471 detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | predicted - sensitive | Nivolumab | Clinical Study - Cohort | Actionable | In a retrospective analysis, patients with melanoma harboring BRAF V600K (n=19) had increased tumor mutational burden and greater response rates (53% vs. 29%, p=0.059), progression-free survival (19 vs. 2.7 months, p=0.049), and overall survival (20.4 vs. 11.7 months, p=0.081) relative to patients with BRAF V600E (n=84) when treated with Keytruda (pembrolizumab) (n=17 and 62 for BRAF V600K and V600E, respectively) or Opdivo (nivolumab) (n=2 and 22 for BRAF V600K and V600E, respectively) (PMID: 30630828). | 30630828 |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | predicted - sensitive | Pembrolizumab | Clinical Study - Cohort | Actionable | In a retrospective analysis, patients with melanoma harboring BRAF V600K (n=19) had increased tumor mutational burden and greater response rates (53% vs. 29%, p=0.059), progression-free survival (19 vs. 2.7 months, p=0.049), and overall survival (20.4 vs. 11.7 months, p=0.081) relative to patients with BRAF V600E (n=84) when treated with Keytruda (pembrolizumab) (n=17 and 62 for BRAF V600K and V600E, respectively) or Opdivo (nivolumab) (n=2 and 22 for BRAF V600K and V600E, respectively) (PMID: 30630828). | 30630828 |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | predicted - sensitive | Dabrafenib + Pembrolizumab + Trametinib | Phase II | Actionable | In a Phase II trial (IMPemBra), Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in combination with short-term or intermittent Tafinlar (dabrafenib) plus Mekinist (trametinib) resulted in improved median progression-free survival compared to Keytruda (pembrolizumab) monotherapy (27.0 vs 10.6 mo, p=0.13) in patients with treatment-naive advanced melanoma harboring BRAF V600E (n=26) or V600K (n=6) mutations (J Clin Oncol 38: 2020 (suppl; abstr 10021); NCT02625337). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Dabrafenib + Pembrolizumab + Trametinib | Guideline | Actionable | Tafinlar (dabrafenib) plus Mekinist (trametinib) in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such as Keytruda (pembrolizumab), is included in guidelines as second-line or subsequent therapy (category 2A) for patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma harboring a BRAF V600 mutation, such as BRAF V600K (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | sensitive | Cobimetinib + Vemurafenib | FDA approved - On Companion Diagnostic | Actionable | In a Phase III trial (coBRIM) that supported FDA approval, treatment with the combination of Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib) resulted in an improved progression-free survival of 12.3 months, compared to 7.2 months with Zelboraf (vemurafenib) plus placebo, among patients with BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma, and BRAF V600E and BRAF V600K are on the companion diagnostic (PMID: 27480103; NCT01689519). | detail... 27480103 detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Cobimetinib + Vemurafenib | Guideline | Actionable | Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Cotellic (cobimetinib) combination therapy is included in cutaneous melanoma guidelines for patients with metastatic or unresectable disease harboring a BRAF V600 activating mutation (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | skin melanoma | sensitive | Atezolizumab + Cobimetinib + Vemurafenib | Guideline | Actionable | Zelboraf (vemurafenib) plus Cotellic (cobimetinib) in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such as Tecentriq (atezolizumab), is included in guidelines as second-line or subsequent therapy (category 2A) for patients with metastatic or unresectable cutaneous melanoma harboring a BRAF V600 mutation, such as BRAF V600K (NCCN.org). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | melanoma | no benefit | Cobimetinib + Pembrolizumab + Vemurafenib | Phase I | Actionable | In a Phase I trial, combination of Cotellic (cobimetinib), Zelboraf (vemurafenib), and Keytruda (pembrolizumab) resulted in unreached median progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma harboring BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, however, the trial was closed due to high incidence of dose-limiting toxicity and decreased health utility at 1 year (J Clin Oncol 39, no. 15_suppl, abstract e21506; NCT02818023). | detail... |
| BRAF V600K | colorectal cancer | predicted - sensitive | PF-07799933 | Preclinical - Biochemical | Actionable | In a preclinical study, PF-07799933 inhibited Erk phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells harboring BRAF V600K in culture (PMID: 38691346). | 38691346 |