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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (26343583)
Authors Peng SB, Henry JR, Kaufman MD, Lu WP, Smith BD, Vogeti S, Rutkoski TJ, Wise S, Chun L, Zhang Y, Van Horn RD, Yin T, Zhang X, Yadav V, Chen SH, Gong X, Ma X, Webster Y, Buchanan S, Mochalkin I, Huber L, Kays L, Donoho GP, Walgren J, McCann D, Patel P, Conti I, Plowman GD, Starling JJ, Flynn DL
Title Inhibition of RAF Isoforms and Active Dimers by LY3009120 Leads to Anti-tumor Activities in RAS or BRAF Mutant Cancers.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Cancer cell 28 3 2015 Sep 14 384-98 Cancer Cell
URL
Abstract Text LY3009120 is a pan-RAF and RAF dimer inhibitor that inhibits all RAF isoforms and occupies both protomers in RAF dimers. Biochemical and cellular analyses revealed that LY3009120 inhibits ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF isoforms with similar affinity, while vemurafenib or dabrafenib have little or modest CRAF activity compared to their BRAF activities. LY3009120 induces BRAF-CRAF dimerization but inhibits the phosphorylation of downstream MEK and ERK, suggesting that it effectively inhibits the kinase activity of BRAF-CRAF heterodimers. Further analyses demonstrated that LY3009120 also inhibits various forms of RAF dimers including BRAF or CRAF homodimers. Due to these unique properties, LY3009120 demonstrates minimal paradoxical activation, inhibits MEK1/2 phosphorylation, and exhibits anti-tumor activities across multiple models carrying KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF mutation.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
LY3009120 LY3009120 27 1
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
LY3009120 DP-4978 RAF Inhibitor (Pan) 29 LY3009120 is a Pan-RAF inhibitor that inhibits signaling of all RAF isoforms and RAF dimers, which leads to inhibition of tumor cell growth (PMID: 26343583, PMID: 28576749).
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
NRAS R167L missense unknown NRAS R167L lies within the hypervariable region of the Nras protein (UniProt.org). R167L has been identified in the scientific literature (PMID: 26343583), but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on Nras protein function is unknown (PubMed, Dec 2024).
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
NRAS Q61K melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited soft agar growth of human melanoma cancer cells harboring NRAS Q61K in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant lymphoma sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human lymphoma cells harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant acute myeloid leukemia sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF mutant pancreatic adenocarcinoma sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells harboring mutant BRAF in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant autonomic nervous system neoplasm sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human autonomic ganglia cancer cells harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant melanoma resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human melanoma cell lines harboring a mutation in NRAS were resistant to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) mediated growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
HRAS mutant endometrial cancer sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human endometrial cancer cells harboring mutant HRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
CDKN2A mut NRAS act mut acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells harboring NRAS and CDKN2A mutations were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS Q61L melanoma decreased response LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 modestly inhibited soft agar growth of human melanoma cancer cells harboring NRAS Q61L in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant ovarian cancer sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of ovarian cancer cells harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS Q61K melanoma sensitive Selumetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cell lines harboring NRAS Q61K in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines harboring mutant NRAS were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF mutant lung adenocarcinoma sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring mutant BRAF in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
TP53 D259Y melanoma sensitive Vemurafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cells TP53 D259Y in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS Q61L melanoma resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human melanoma cells harboring NRAS Q61L were insensitive to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS Q61K melanoma resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human melanoma cell lines harboring NRAS Q61K were insensitive to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF V600E melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited growth, downstream MAPK signaling and soft agar growth in human melanoma cell lines harboring BRAF V600E in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF mutant multiple myeloma sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human multiple myeloma cells harboring mutant BRAF in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF G469R NRAS Q61K melanoma decreased response Selumetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Selumetinib (AZD6244) modestly inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cells harboring BRAF G469R and NRAS Q61K in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
TP53 D259Y melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 modestly inhibited soft agar growth of human melanoma cancer cells harboring TP53 D259Y in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS G13D melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited soft agar growth of human melanoma cancer cells harboring NRAS G13D in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant central nervous system cancer sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human central nervous system cancer cells harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS G13D melanoma resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human melanoma cells harboring NRAS G13D were insensitive to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant acute myeloid leukemia sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited proliferation of human NRAS mutant acute myeloid leukemia cell lines in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant non-Hodgkin lymphoma resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells harboring mutant NRAS were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF G469R NRAS Q61K melanoma resistant Vemurafenib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, human melanoma cells harboring BRAF G469R and NRAS Q61K were insensitive to Zelboraf (vemurafenib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
TP53 D259Y melanoma sensitive Selumetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cells harboring TP53 D259Y in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant liver cancer sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of liver cancer cell lines harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS Q61L melanoma decreased response Selumetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Selumetinib (AZD6244) modestly inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cells harboring NRAS Q61L in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited growth of NRAS mutant human melanoma cell lines in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant transitional cell carcinoma decreased response Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma cells harboring mutant NRAS were moderately sensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) growth inhibition in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF mutant colorectal cancer resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, a majority of human colorectal cancer cell lines (4/7) harboring mutant BRAF were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
CTNNB1 mut NRAS mut liver cancer resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human liver cancer cells harboring mutant NRAS and mutant CTNNB1 were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS G13D melanoma sensitive Selumetinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibited proliferation of human melanoma cells harboring NRAS G13D in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant multiple myeloma sensitive Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Mekinist (trametinib) inhibited growth of human multiple myeloma cells harboring mutant NRAS in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
HRAS mutant transitional cell carcinoma resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human urinary transitional cell carcinoma cells harboring mutant HRAS were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
BRAF G469R NRAS Q61K melanoma sensitive LY3009120 Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, LY3009120 inhibited soft agar growth of human melanoma cancer cells harboring BRAF G469R and NRAS Q61K in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583
NRAS mutant sarcoma resistant Trametinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, human sarcoma cells harboring mutant NRAS were insensitive to Mekinist (trametinib) in culture (PMID: 26343583). 26343583