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Ref Type Journal Article
PMID (39424923)
Authors Coelho MA, Strauss ME, Watterson A, Cooper S, Bhosle S, Illuzzi G, Karakoc E, Dinçer C, Vieira SF, Sharma M, Moullet M, Conticelli D, Koeppel J, McCarten K, Cattaneo CM, Veninga V, Picco G, Parts L, Forment JV, Voest EE, Marioni JC, Bassett A, Garnett MJ
Title Base editing screens define the genetic landscape of cancer drug resistance mechanisms.
Journal Vol Issue Date Pages Journal Short Title
Nature genetics 2024 Oct 18 Nat Genet
URL
Abstract Text Drug resistance is a principal limitation to the long-term efficacy of cancer therapies. Cancer genome sequencing can retrospectively delineate the genetic basis of drug resistance, but this requires large numbers of post-treatment samples to nominate causal variants. Here we prospectively identify genetic mechanisms of resistance to ten oncology drugs from CRISPR base editing mutagenesis screens in four cancer cell lines using a guide RNA library predicted to install 32,476 variants in 11 cancer genes. We identify four functional classes of protein variants modulating drug sensitivity and use single-cell transcriptomics to reveal how these variants operate through distinct mechanisms, including eliciting a drug-addicted cell state. We identify variants that can be targeted with alternative inhibitors to overcome resistance and functionally validate an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) variant that sensitizes lung cancer cells to EGFR inhibitors. Our variant-to-function map has implications for patient stratification, therapy combinations and drug scheduling in cancer treatment.

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Molecular Profile Treatment Approach
Gene Name Source Synonyms Protein Domains Gene Description Gene Role
Therapy Name Drugs Efficacy Evidence Clinical Trials
Drug Name Trade Name Synonyms Drug Classes Drug Description
Gene Variant Impact Protein Effect Variant Description Associated with drug Resistance
Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
BRAF V600E MAP2K1 Y130C colorectal cancer resistant Cetuximab + Dabrafenib Preclinical - Cell culture Actionable In a preclinical study, Tafinlar (dabrafenib) and Erbitux (cetuximab) combination treatment inhibited senescence in a colorectal cancer cell line harboring BRAF V600E and expressing MAP2K1 Y130C in culture (PMID: 39424923). 39424923