Molecular Profile Detail

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Profile Name KIT G498S
Gene Variant Detail

KIT G498S (unknown)

Relevant Treatment Approaches

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Molecular Profile Indication/Tumor Type Response Type Therapy Name Approval Status Evidence Type Efficacy Evidence References
KIT mutant melanoma sensitive Nilotinib Phase II Actionable In a Phase II trial, Tasigna (nilotinib) treatment in patients with melanoma harboring KIT mutations resulted in an overall response rate of 26.2% (11/42), which included 11 patients with a partial response, a median duration of response of 7.1 months, and an overall survival of 18 months (PMID: 28327988; NCT01028222). 28327988
KIT mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor not applicable N/A Clinical Study Diagnostic KIT mutations are used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (PMID: 25193432, PMID: 26276366, PMID: 25729899). 25193432 26276366 25729899
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Sunitinib Clinical Study - Cohort Actionable In a retrospective analysis, GIST patients with KIT exon 9 mutations showed improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and objective response rate (ORR) compared to patients with exon 11 mutations, with a median PFS of 12.3 months vs. 7.0 months, and an ORR of 19% (8/42) vs. 6% (9/143) following treatment with Sutent (sunitinib) (PMID: 26772734). 26772734
KIT exon9 Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Ponatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing a KIT exon 9 mutation demonstrated sensitivity to treatment with Iclusig (ponatinib) in culture, resulting in reduced cell viability (PMID: 25239608). 25239608
KIT exon9 Advanced Solid Tumor sensitive Sunitinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, transformed cells expressing a KIT exon 9 mutation demonstrated sensitivity to treatment with Sutent (sunitinib) in culture, resulting in reduced cell viability (PMID: 25239608). 25239608
KIT exon9 Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Imatinib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Gleevec (imatinib) had no effect on transformed cells expressing a KIT exon 9 mutation in culture (PMID: 25239608). 25239608
KIT exon9 Advanced Solid Tumor resistant Regorafenib Preclinical Actionable In a preclinical study, Stivarga (regorafineb) had no effect on transformed cells expressing a KIT exon 9 mutation in culture (PMID: 25239608). 25239608
KIT mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Imatinib + Infigratinib Preclinical - Pdx Actionable In a preclinical study, Truseltiq (infigratinib) and Gleevec (imatinib) combination treatment demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity in patient derived xenograft models of gastrointestinal stromal tumor harboring KIT mutations (PMID: 25673643). 25673643
KIT mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor predicted - sensitive Ripretinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, Qinlock (ripretinib) demonstrated preliminary safety and efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors, including KIT-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), with 1 patient harboring KIT exon 11 and 17 mutations demonstrating a partial response, and 7/7 KIT-mutant GIST patients demonstrating a partial metabolic response (EORTC-NCI-AACR 2016, Abs 7LBA). detail...
KIT mutant melanoma sensitive Nilotinib Phase II Actionable In a Phase II trial, Tasigna (nilotinib) treatment resulted in complete response in 4% (1/25), durable partial response in 16% (4/25), and stable disease in 56% (14/25) of melanoma patients harboring KIT mutations (PMID: 28843487; NCT01168050). 28843487
KIT mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor predicted - sensitive Avapritinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I (NAVIGATOR) trial, Ayvakit (avapritinib) treatment resulted in an objective response rate of 13% (7/52, 7 partial responses) and a disease control rate of 63% (33/52) in patients with KIT-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (The CTOS 2018 Annual Meeting, Nov 14-17, Rome Italy, Paper 012 3027631; NCT02508532). detail...
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Imatinib Guideline Actionable Gleevec (imatinib) is included in guidelines for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients harboring sensitizing mutations, such as KIT exon 9 mutations, as adjuvant therapy for patients with localized disease and as first-line therapy for patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic disease (PMID: 34560242; ESMO.org). 34560242 detail...
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Imatinib Guideline Actionable Gleevec (imatinib) is included in guidelines for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) harboring KIT exon 9 mutations (NCCN.org). detail...
KIT mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor predicted - sensitive Ripretinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, Qinlock (ripretinib) was well tolerated, resulted in an objective response in 11.3% (16/142, 16 partial responses) and stable disease in 61.3% (87/142) of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor harboring KIT (exon 11, n=103; exon 9, n=26; other, n=6) or PDGFRA mutations (n=7), with a median progression-free survival of 5.6 months (PMID: 32804590; NCT02571036). 32804590
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Ripretinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, Qinlock (ripretinib) was well tolerated, resulted in an objective response in 11.3% (16/142, 16 partial responses) and stable disease in 61.3% (87/142) of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor harboring KIT (n=135) or PDGFRA mutations (n=7), with a median progression-free survival of 5.6 months, 18.3% (26/142) of the patients harbored KIT exon 9 mutations (PMID: 32804590; NCT02571036). 32804590
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor no benefit Imatinib + Infigratinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, Truseltiq (infigratinib) and Gleevec (imatinib) combination therapy resulted in stable disease as best response in 58% (7/12) of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor harboring KIT mutations in exon 9 (n=3), exon 11 (n=10), or other (n=3), however, the trial was discontinued due to toxicity concerns (PMID: 30101387). 30101387
KIT mutant melanoma predicted - sensitive Ripretinib Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, Qinlock (ripretinib) treatment demonstrated manageable safety and preliminary efficacy in patients with KIT-mutated melanoma, and led to an objective response rate of 23% (6/26, 1 complete and 5 partial responses), a median progression-free survival of 7.3 months, and a median duration of response of 9.1 months (PMID: 35753087; NCT02571036). 35753087
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Sunitinib Guideline Actionable Sutent (sunitinib) is included in guidelines as second-line or subsequent therapy for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients harboring sensitizing mutations, such as KIT exon 9 mutations (PMID: 34560242; ESMO.org). detail... 34560242
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Ripretinib Guideline Actionable Qinlock (ripretinib) is included in guidelines as fourth-line or subsequent therapy for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients harboring sensitizing mutations, such as KIT exon 9 mutations (PMID: 34560242; ESMO.org). 34560242 detail...
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor sensitive Regorafenib Guideline Actionable Stivarga (regorafenib) is included in guidelines as third-line or subsequent therapy for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients harboring sensitizing mutations, such as KIT exon 9 mutations (PMID: 34560242; ESMO.org). 34560242 detail...
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor no benefit Ponatinib Phase II Actionable In a Phase II trial, Iclusig (ponatinib) treatment did not result in clinical benefit in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients with KIT exon 9 mutations who had failed prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment (PMID: 35091442; NCT01874665). 35091442
KIT exon9 melanoma predicted - sensitive Regorafenib Case Reports/Case Series Actionable In a Phase II trial, second or later-line Stivarga (regorafenib) treatment resulted in a disease control rate of 73.9% (17/23, 2 complete responses, 5 partial responses), an objective response rate of 30.4% (7/23), and median overall survival (mOS) of 21.5 months in patients with melanoma harboring KIT exon 9, 11, 13, or 17 mutations, and improved mOS in patients with non-exon 11 mutations compared to patients with exon 11 mutations (24.9 mo vs 18.3 mo, P=0.042) (PMID: 37741071; NCT02501551). 37741071
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor predicted - sensitive IDRX-42 Phase I Actionable In a Phase I trial, IDRX-42 treatment demonstrated safety and resulted in 9 partial responses among 39 evaluable patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors harboring a KIT exon 11 (n=27), exon 9 (n=13), or exon 8 (n=2) mutation with a clinical benefit rate of 71% overall and 100% as second-line treatment (J Clin Oncol 42, 2024 (suppl 16; abstr 11501); NCT05489237). detail...
KIT exon9 gastrointestinal stromal tumor no benefit Imatinib + Spartalizumab Phase Ib/II Actionable In a Phase Ib/II trial, the combination of Spartalizumab (PDR001) and Gleevec (imatinib) was tolerable but demonstrated limited efficacy in Phase II, with an objective response rate of 0% (0/29), a disease control rate of 37.9% (11/29), median progression-free survival of 2.3 months, and overall survival of 9.5 months in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor harboring KIT exon 9 (n=8), exon 11 (n=17), or other mutations (PMID: 38662455). 38662455